Disbiosis en la microbiota intestinal

Xiomara Moreno

Resumen


La disbiosis se define como la alteración en la composición de la microbiota intestinal, con un origen multifactorial; valorada de acuerdo a tres tipos de modificaciones como: el incremento de patobiontes, disminución o pérdida de microorganismos comensales y pérdida de la diversidad microbiana. Estas variantes suponen un problema para nuestra salud, debilitando el sistema inmune y menos producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta, los cuales, parecen jugar un papel importante en la prevención de diversas patologías. Elementos externos como la genética, la edad, factores ambientales, la alimentación, el uso de antimicrobianos, entre otros, pueden favorecer la instauración de la disbiosis. Por lo tanto, la alteración del equilibrio de la microbiota se traduce en un empeoramiento de la salud y por consiguiente, un mayor riesgo de sufrir enfermedades crónicas. De hecho, la disbiosis en la microbiota intestinal se asocia a diversos desórdenes, entre los que se encuentra la diabetes, la obesidad, diferentes tipos de cáncer, alergias, síndrome metabólico, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, así como trastornos neurológicos. Pareciera que una buena alimentación y hábitos de vida resultan esenciales para que exista un correcto equilibrio en la microbiota intestinal.

Palabras clave


disbiosis, microbiota intestinal, antibióticos, dieta, enfermedades.

Texto completo:

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Referencias


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61155/gen.v76i1.602

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