Esófago de Barrett

Jacobo Dib Hernández, Johan Cardoza

Resumen


Introducción: El esófago de Barrett (EB) es una condición adquirida cuyo resultado es una lesión grave de la mucosa esofágica en la cual, el epitelio escamoso esofágico normal es reemplazado por un epitelio columnar con células caliciformes denominado "metaplasia intestinal especializada" (MIE), y cuya importancia radica en la posible evolución hacia el adenocarcinoma esofágico. Es importante hacer énfasis en que, para poder definir el EB, la metaplasia columnar que sustituye al epitelio escamoso esofágico debe ser de tipo intestinal, pura o combinada con otros patrones histológicos, y no exclusivamente de tipo oxíntico o fúndico, como anteriormente se consideraba, ya que la metaplasia intestinal es la que concede un riesgo oncogénico y posee, por lo tanto, potencial preneoplásico, no siendo así con las restantes. Por consiguiente, la importancia clínica del EB radica en su potencial preneoplásico y en el riesgo de transformación cancerosa (adenocarcinoma esofágico) que se ha estimado cuarenta veces mayor que en la población general. Es el resultado de una enfermedad crónica de reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y representa la etapa final de la evolución natural de esta enfermedad.

Palabras clave


Esófago de Barrett, ERGE.

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Referencias


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61155/gen.v67i1.119

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