Disminución de la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Estudio preliminar
Resumen
Introducción: La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es una patología gastrointestinal crónica de etiología multifactorial. Una complicación frecuente en esta entidad es la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). El objetivo de esta investigación es describir los hallazgos de la DMO en pacientes adultos con EII atendidos en el Centro Médico Pediátrico Dr. José Gregorio Hernández durante el período de agosto-septiembre 2022. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal con 10 pacientes adultos diagnosticados con EII. Las mediciones de DMO se efectuaron en la columna lumbar y el cuello femoral mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 47.5 años, con una distribución equitativa por sexo. El 40% presentó manifestaciones extra-intestinales. En cuanto a la DMO, el 40% tuvo DMO normal, el 20% osteopenia y el 40% osteoporosis. Se observó una disminución significativa en la DMO de la cabeza del fémur. El 60% han recibido esteroides como parte del tratamiento. Los resultados son consistentes con estudios previos que muestran alta prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en pacientes con EII. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con EII tienen un riesgo elevado de disminución de la DMO. Se recomienda monitoreo regular y adecuada suplementación de calcio y vitamina D para prevenir complicaciones óseas.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61155/gen.v79i2.735
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