Cáncer colorrectal

Christian Mühlenbrock, Zoltán Berger, Miguel Villasmil

Resumen


De ser un cáncer descrito ocasionalmente, el cáncer colorrectal pasó a ser el segundo o tercer cáncer más incidente en países desarrollados y en aumento en países en vías de desarrollo. Factores de riesgo conocidos son la obesidad, sedentarismo y tabaquismo. Un diagnóstico precoz mediante técnicas de tamizaje según poblaciones de riesgo podría disminuir su incidencia, morbilidad y mortalidad. Esto cobra importancia dado que se trata de una enfermedad asintomática hasta etapas avanzadas. Al comprender mejor su patogenia y características moleculares se ha podido mejorar e individualizar el tratamiento. El tratamiento definitivo sigue siendo el quirúrgico pero cada vez más la resección endoscópica cobra valor en centros especializados. El advenimiento de nuevas terapias sistémicas como biológicos e inmunoterapia han permitido doblar la sobrevida en pacientes con etapas más avanzadas a 3 años.

Palabras clave


Cáncer colorrectal, patogenia, diagnóstico, tratamiento.

Texto completo:

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Referencias


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61155/gen.v74i1.519

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